Nizhny Novgorod Fair / Нижегородская ярмарка
Makaryev Fair / Макарьевская (orginal name)
The Makaryev fair was started in 1524 by Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich. Nizhny Novgorod (Nijni-Novgorod French Spelling) is in Moscow originally held annually between on Epiphany Jan 6-19. The Fair was transferred to this location in 1816 due to a fire in the original fairgrounds, and started to attract millions of visitors annually. In the it was held in 1860s, from February 1 to March 1, at the end of the 19th century, from January 25 to March 1.
This is where Erik did his some of his shows. Leroux stated he sang in a unique style, did ventriloquism, extraordinary juggling , magic, and Legerdemain (sleight of hand, performing conjuring tricks). He apparently made such a name for himself that the caravans and travelers talked about him on their way to Asia where word of it reached Persia and finally to the Mazenderan palace and the Little Sultana. The Makaryev fair was a place where different cultures and a wide variety of people and the the most talented would come together through different eras.
First and foremost the fair was a place of mass entertainment, gossip, curiosities, theatrical folklore traditions, the most talented artists completely dedicated to entertaining their audiences, Juggler with torches, comedians, contortionists, gymnasts, trapeze artists, trick horseback riders, clowns, comedians, storytellers, musicians, music of all sorts, strong men, sword swallower, fire-eaters, fire walkers, dancers, singers, mimics, ventriloquist, magicians, illusionists, slide of hand, pantomime, puppetry, large-sized puppets and dolls, people dressed in masks, disguises and costumes, devils, death, skeletons, Mechanical Theater, freaks, fat-men, skinny-men, giants, dwarfs, living mermaids, Theater of Living Pictures, animals of all sorts, trained canaries, two-headed animals, novelties, oddities, tools, Western European textiles, fabrics and linens, tea from china, dried fruit from Persia, carpets, silks, tobacco, coffee, wines from Arkhangelsk and Moscow, hemp rope, metal, furs, oriental craftsman, fashionable clothes, latest scientific achievements and engineering marvels. Described also as Intoxicating, loud, festive, colorful, multilingual and multicultural. It was the largest fair in the world at its time as well as the greatest trading center with the accessibility to both the Orient and Europe. Also called the "All-Russian marketplace". Tradesmen and merchants came from all over, this is where you could find a variety of wares and good from all over. It attracted many foreign merchants from India, Iran, Central Asia, All over Russia, Siberia, Persia, Caucasus.
This is where Erik did his some of his shows. Leroux stated he sang in a unique style, did ventriloquism, extraordinary juggling , magic, and Legerdemain (sleight of hand, performing conjuring tricks). He apparently made such a name for himself that the caravans and travelers talked about him on their way to Asia where word of it reached Persia and finally to the Mazenderan palace and the Little Sultana. The Makaryev fair was a place where different cultures and a wide variety of people and the the most talented would come together through different eras.
First and foremost the fair was a place of mass entertainment, gossip, curiosities, theatrical folklore traditions, the most talented artists completely dedicated to entertaining their audiences, Juggler with torches, comedians, contortionists, gymnasts, trapeze artists, trick horseback riders, clowns, comedians, storytellers, musicians, music of all sorts, strong men, sword swallower, fire-eaters, fire walkers, dancers, singers, mimics, ventriloquist, magicians, illusionists, slide of hand, pantomime, puppetry, large-sized puppets and dolls, people dressed in masks, disguises and costumes, devils, death, skeletons, Mechanical Theater, freaks, fat-men, skinny-men, giants, dwarfs, living mermaids, Theater of Living Pictures, animals of all sorts, trained canaries, two-headed animals, novelties, oddities, tools, Western European textiles, fabrics and linens, tea from china, dried fruit from Persia, carpets, silks, tobacco, coffee, wines from Arkhangelsk and Moscow, hemp rope, metal, furs, oriental craftsman, fashionable clothes, latest scientific achievements and engineering marvels. Described also as Intoxicating, loud, festive, colorful, multilingual and multicultural. It was the largest fair in the world at its time as well as the greatest trading center with the accessibility to both the Orient and Europe. Also called the "All-Russian marketplace". Tradesmen and merchants came from all over, this is where you could find a variety of wares and good from all over. It attracted many foreign merchants from India, Iran, Central Asia, All over Russia, Siberia, Persia, Caucasus.
Description from Leroux of the Fair and Erik
"On le retrouve à la foire de Nijni-Novgorod, où alors il se produisait dans toute son affreuse gloire. Déjà il chantait comme personne au monde n’a jamais chanté ; il faisait le ventriloque et se livrait à des jongleries extraordinaires dont les caravanes, à leur retour en Asie, parlaient encore, tout le long du chemin. C’est ainsi que sa réputation passa les murs du palais de Mazenderan, où la petite sultane, favorite du sha-en-shah, s’ennuyait. Un marchand de fourrures, qui se rendait à Samarkand et qui revenait de Nijni-Novgorod, raconta les miracles qu’il avait vus sous la tente d’Érik. On fit venir le marchand au Palais, et le daroga de Mazenderan dut l’interroger. Puis, le daroga fut chargé de se mettre à la recherche d’Érik. Il le ramena en Perse..."
~Epilogue Fd'lO by Gaston Leroux. |
"He was found at the fair of Nizhny Novgorod, where he performed and displayed himself in all his frightful glory. Already he sang as no one on earth did; he did ventriloquism and engaged in legerdemain and juggling. He gave such an extraordinary display that the caravans returning to Asia talked about it during the whole length of their journey. And so his reputation reached the walls of the Mazenderan palace, where the little sultana, the favorite of the sha-en-shah, was bored. A fur trader, on his way to Samarkand, and returning from Nizhny-Novgorod, related the acts that he had seen in Érik's tent. The merchant was brought to the palace, and Mazenderan's Daroga had to question him. Then the Daroga was instructed to look for Erik. He brought him back to Persia "
~Epilogue, The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux. |
A description of show from the time at the Nizhny Novgorod fair
Judging by the portrait, the masquerade old man has many features in common with Petrushka: a red lilac belted shirt, a hump on the back, a head with a huge humped nose and large bulging eyes, symbolizing an all-seeing piercing gaze; on the head is a cap with a clattering tassel, from under which tufts of tousled hair stick out. In the explanatory dictionary of V.I. Dahl says that a cap in the form of a buffoon's hat with rattles is the property of fools (stupid) [8, p. 143]. A Russian proverb specifies even more who could wear such a headdress: "all people are like people, one devil in a cap." A striking example of the hero of the anti-world is the voice of Petrushka. Thanks to the squeak - a metal plate, which the artist presses up to the upper sky, It sounds squeaky, squeezed, cracking. Thus, the puppet co-mikv completely corresponded to the jaded ones, whose task is to be as ugly and funnier as possible, which is also stated by the proverb “Petrushka is a buffoon.”
In addition, almost the same characters play in the puppet show as in the fish. Among them are demonic animals - a horse or a goat, foreigners - a gypsy trader or a fortune-teller gypsy, a medicine man or a doctor-doctor, devil and even death. after which Death (in the form of a skeleton) is going to drag him to hell. He manifests his property of "immortality" and speaks with a huge white skeleton without any fear and without any respect: Petrushka. Hey, man, what is your name? Death (in a deaf voice) I, Death, I am calling you with me! Petrushka. What? Do you look like an owl? Death. I am Death, and I have come to take you! Apparently she hasn't found another? Death. Your hour of death has come, Petrushka! Petrushka. Go to hell, you old woman Judging by the portrait, the masquerade old man has many similarities with Petrushka: a red lilac belted shirt, a hump on the back, a head with a huge humped nose and large bulging eyes, symbolizing an all-seeing piercing gaze; on the head is a cap with a clattering tassel, from under which tufts of tousled hair stick out. In the explanatory dictionary of V.I. Dahl says that a cap in the form of a buffoon's hat with rattles is the property of fools (stupid) [8, p. 143]. A Russian proverb specifies even more who could wear such a headdress: "all people are like people, one devil in a cap." A striking example of the hero of the anti-world is the voice of Petrushka. Thanks to the squeak - a metal plate, which the artist presses up to the upper sky, It sounds squeaky, squeezed, cracking. Thus, the puppet co-mikv completely corresponded to the jaded ones, whose task is to be as ugly and funnier as possible, which is also stated by the proverb “Petrushka is a buffoon.” In addition, almost the same characters play in the puppet show as in the fish. Among them are demonic animals - a horse or a goat, foreigners - a gypsy trader or a fortune-teller gypsy, a medicine man or a doctor-doctor, devil and even death. after which Death (in the form of a skeleton) is going to drag him to hell. He manifests his property of "immortality" and speaks with a huge white skeleton without any fear and without any respect: Petrushka. Hey, man, what is your name? Death (in a deaf voice) I, Death, I am calling you with me! Petrushka. What? Do you look like an owl? Death. I am Death, and I have come to take you! Apparently she hasn't found another? Death. Your hour of death has come, Petrushka! Petrushka. Go to hell, you old lady! Finding himself at Death's visit, Petrushka behaves in this "mine-point" boldly and fearlessly. He turns Death back to him and gives her a strong push. Death flies backstage. The play ends....One of the main characters of the play, as a rule, was a live actor-musician who could play any wind, string and mechanical popular instrument - a pipe, violin, balalaika, barrel organ, etc. In the 18th – 19th centuries..." (Hovhannisyan p94-95)
(While it's not Érik It is not completely out of place for Erik to do a show around the themes of living dead or skeletons.
An intersting account, women at the Nizhny Novgorod fair, seeing a magician and ventriloquist
"The magician and ventriloquist frightened her so much that she fell ill with something like cholera, and with fear she asked her husband: “Don’t lead me to these fears, I don’t want to. Think, maybe I’m pregnant with my son! ”
~~~
Фокусник и чревовещатель так напугал ее, что она заболела чем-то вроде холеры и со страхом просила мужа:— Не води ты меня на страхи эти, не хочу я. Подумай, ведь может я сыном беременна!
The women's name in this account is Olga.
The Full Section
Когда Петр, впервые посетив с нею Нижегородскую ярмарку и пораженный гигантским размахом Всероссийского торжища, спросил ее:— Ну что, мать, хорошо?
— Очень, очень хорошо! — ответила она.— Всего много, и всё дешевле, чем у нас. Я вот думаю: мыла надо купить пудов пять, сахару два мешка... Сидя в цирке, она закрывала глаза, когда на арене являлись артисты, обтянутые трико, и бормотала — Ах, досадные! Ах, бесстыжие. Ах, несуразные шуты. Ой, изувечатся они! Петр Ильич, а хорошо ли мне глядеть на них, хорошо ли для ребенка-то? Фокусник и чревовещатель так напугал ее, что она заболела чем-то вроде холеры и со страхом просила мужа:— Не води ты меня на страхи эти, не хочу я. Подумай, ведь может я сыном беременна! В такие минуты Петр Артамонов) чувствовал себя утопающим в скуке, зеленоватой 6, как тина реки Ватаракши, в которой жила только одна рыба — жирный линь.Наталья всё так же много и деловито молилась, а помолясь, опрокидывалась в постель и тоже деловито настраивала мужа к исполнению его обязанностей. Ему иногда казалось, что в этом она усердствует 8 чрезмерно, что 9 ласки жены как-то опустошают его; и все чаще он говорил ей: — Отстань, устал я сегодня. |
When Peter, having first visited the Nizhny Novgorod fair with her for the first time and was amazed at the gigantic scale of the All-Russian market, asked her: “Well, mother, is it good?”
- "Very, very good!" - she answered. - "There is a lot of everything, and everything is cheaper than ours. I’m thinking: I need to buy five pounds of soap, two bags of sugar ... Sitting in the circus, she closed her eyes when actors dressed in tights appeared in arena and muttered : “Oh, maddneing! Ah, shameless ones. Ah, absurd jesters. Oh, they will be mutilated! Pyotr Ilyich, is it good for me to look at them, is it good for a child?” The magician and ventriloquist frightened her so much that she fell ill with something like cholera, and with fear asked her husband - “ Don’t lead me to these fears, don’t I want. Think, maybe I’m pregnant with my son! ” ”At such moments, Pyotr Artamonov) |
Pyotr Ilyich- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. (who lived from May 7, 1840 – November 6, 1893)
ref. Academy Of Sciences Sss Institute Of World Literature p. 130
ref. Academy Of Sciences Sss Institute Of World Literature p. 130
~ref. http://www.yarmarka.ru/content/fair/history.html, http://elib.cspu.ru/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/3594/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%20%D0%9B.%D0%93.%20%D0%93%D0%B4%D0%B5%20%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BC%2C%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y , https://dob.1sept.ru/article.php?ID=200400311, Fair Traditions Of Pre-revolutionary Russia, Ministry Of Science And Higher Education Of The Russian Federation Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution Of Higher Education "South Ural State Humanitarian And Pedagogical University" By L.g. Hovhannisyan 2019; Academy Of Sciences Sss Institute Of World Literature Named After A.m. Gorky, M. Gorky Complete Collection Of Works M. Gorky Complete Collection Of Works